J. A. S. Kelso, J. P. Scholz and G. Schöner (1988), Physics Letters A 134(1):8–12. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(88)90537-3.
Read in full on 2026-10-30 (NOTE-1449), from the publisher’s PDF on Kelso’s lab page.
Key takeaways
- Intended switches are asymmetric. Mean switching time from in-phase to anti-phase was about twice that from anti-phase to in-phase at every frequency from 1.75 to 2.75 Hz (Fig. 2), significant for each of the four subjects, F(1,60) from 20.7 to 100.4, p < 0.0001 (p. 10).
- A model of intention. The stochastic HKB equation with a=1 Hz, b=0.5 Hz and Q=0.25 Hz, taken from the earlier experiments, plus a term −c_int sin(φ − ψ) switched on at the cue, gives switching-time densities with the observed asymmetry and long tail (Fig. 4); c_int ≈ 10 Hz was set to get the order of magnitude right (p. 11).
- Cited, not shown. The introduction reports that enhanced fluctuations and growth in relaxation time accompanied the spontaneous transition, citing Kelso, Scholz and Schöner 1986 (LIT-1851) and Scholz, Kelso and Schöner 1987 (Physics Letters A 123:390, not filed).
Standing in the record
Filed on 2026-10-30 at the owner’s request, with HKB 1985 (LIT-588) and Kelso, Scholz and Schöner 1986 (LIT-1851), for THEORY-069. No instruction for machine-learning practice.