LIT-1133: Belonging to a community of European fans? European common in-group identity formation through football fandom

Biel, J. (2026). Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 13.

Read in full in NOTE-1299, from the open-access published article.

Why this is here

A6 of the exchange of 2026-10-16: fandom at nested scales above the club, a reminder that “the fandom” need not have one level.

Status	Active — read in full 2026-10-29 (NOTE-1299) from the CC BY published article; worth reading as the survey evidence that football fans identify with a European community of fans as well as with club and nation, and that this identification goes with trust in foreign fans and cross-border viewing but not with views of football governance. Single items, cross-sectional; its percentages use a denominator other than the analysed n. Source of THEORY-1116.
Version	2
Tags	social-science, social-identity
Cited as “paper” by	NOTE-1299 — Belonging to a community of European fans? European common in-group identity formation through football fandom
Cited as “source” by	THEORY-1116 — Football fans can identify with a superordinate community of fans across clubs and countries, a European fan community, alongside their club identity rather than in place of it; that identification goes with particularized trust in foreign fans and cross-border viewing, and is independent of attitudes to the sport's governing institutions