nucleation

LIT-1989: Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being.

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Properties5
StatusActive — read in full 2026-11-03 (NOTE-1513), from the published PDF on selfdeterminationtheory.org; worth reading as the primary study for SDT's claim that autonomy is not individualism: autonomous enactment of collectivist and vertical practices predicts well-being in four countries. Cross-sectional, 94–195 students per country; "no moderation" is non-significant interactions.
Version2
Tagsmotivation, social-science
Cited as “paper” byNOTE-1513 — Chirkov, Ryan, Kim & Kaplan — Differentiating autonomy from individualism
Cited as “source” byTHEORY-1325 — In Chirkov et al.'s student samples from South Korea, Russia, Turkey and the USA, the more autonomous people's reasons for engaging in practices of any cultural orientation, collectivist and vertical included, the higher their well-being, with no detectable difference across countries or genders; and vertical practices were much less internalized than horizontal ones

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Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97-110. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.97.

Key takeaways

Read in full on 2026-11-03 (NOTE-1513). THEORY-1325, Proposed, is filed from it.

Standing in the record

Held second-hand in NOTE-441 (p. 1577); the primary paper for SDT’s claim that autonomy is not individualism.

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