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motivation

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165 items with this tag.

Nov 03, 2026
LIT-1976: Where do our preferences come from? How hard decisions shape our preferences
- neuroscience
- motivation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1305: In Kasser and Ryan's two cross-sectional samples, holding constant how much a person aspires to overall, the relative importance of extrinsic aspirations (money, fame, image) goes with less self-actualization and vitality and more physical symptoms, and of intrinsic aspirations (growth, relationships, community, health) with the reverse; the paper does not test whether this survives the reasons for pursuing the goals
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1307: In Slemp et al.'s meta-analysis of 881 mostly cross-sectional samples, perceived support for autonomy, competence and relatedness each correlated strongly with satisfaction of all three needs (ρ = .44–.62) and negatively with their frustration, but the three supports intercorrelated .67–.71, and their need-specificity appears only in joint models: with all three entered, relatedness support carried relatedness satisfaction (β = .56) and autonomy support added nothing to it (β = .007)
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1308: In Chen et al.'s student samples from Belgium, China, the USA and Peru, need satisfaction related to life satisfaction and vitality and need frustration to depressive symptoms with no detectable difference across countries, and neither relation was moderated by how much a person valued or desired the need
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1310: In Sheldon, Elliot, Kim and Kasser's three studies of most satisfying events, self-esteem was as salient as autonomy, competence and relatedness in every sample and the largest unique predictor of event affect balance among ten candidate needs in two of the three US samples (β = .28, .38); the authors, SDT researchers, concluded that there may be four fundamental needs and judged it imprudent to treat self-esteem as an outcome
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1311: The BPNSFS frustration scales measure low need satisfaction in negatively keyed form, not need frustration in the sense of active thwarting, so the separation of frustration from low satisfaction in BPNSFS data, and frustration's stronger link to ill-being there, is largely a keying artefact
- psychometrics
- motivation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1316: In eight samples pooled to 3,692 respondents, the covariance of the BPNSFS items is organized more by item keying than by need: factors sharing a keying direction correlate .64 to .75 while satisfaction and frustration of the same need correlate .17 to .38, a higher-order model grouping the six scales by keying fits better than one grouping them by need, and the frustration items carry almost no thwarting content
- psychometrics
- motivation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1318: Among 31 original self-report scales of psychological need fulfillment found by a 2023 systematic search, 21 measure satisfaction only, one measures frustration only and one thwarting only; all are self-reports of experience or of the perceived environment, the field uses satisfaction, frustration, support and thwarting interchangeably in places, and several frustration scales are negatively worded satisfaction items
- psychometrics
- motivation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1319: In Niemiec, Ryan and Deci's post-college sample, attaining intrinsic aspirations went with more well-being and less ill-being, and attaining extrinsic aspirations, entered alongside it, added nothing to well-being and went with more ill-being; the extrinsic null is a unique-variance result, since alone extrinsic attainment correlated positively with well-being and need satisfaction
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1320: In Ntoumanis et al.'s meta-analysis of 73 SDT-informed health interventions, mostly randomized, the interventions raised perceived need support (g = 0.64), autonomy and competence satisfaction (0.37, 0.31), autonomous motivation (0.30) and health behaviour (0.45) by the end of the intervention, but not relatedness, controlled motivation or amotivation, and their small effect on psychological health (0.29) was gone at follow-up (0.14, ns); need frustration was not an outcome and mediation was not tested
- motivation
- psychopathology-and-treatment
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1322: In Belgian adolescents, need frustration measured by the twelve BPNSFS frustration items statistically absorbs most of the association between depressive and eating disorder symptoms: cross-sectionally their latent correlation falls from .50 to a non-significant .18, and in a two-wave latent change model their correlated change falls from .43 to .24; its mediating role is shown in correlated change over the same six months, not in temporal order
- psychopathology-and-treatment
- motivation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1324: In Ryan, Mims and Koestner's experiment, the same expected reward for doing well left less later free-choice engagement when given with controlling feedback than with informational feedback, and in both styles less than no reward with the same feedback: the interpersonal style of a performance-contingent reward changes its effect, and the reward lowers intrinsic motivation even when the information it carries is held fixed
- motivation
- learning-and-conditioning
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1325: In Chirkov et al.'s student samples from South Korea, Russia, Turkey and the USA, the more autonomous people's reasons for engaging in practices of any cultural orientation, collectivist and vertical included, the higher their well-being, with no detectable difference across countries or genders; and vertical practices were much less internalized than horizontal ones
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1326: In Voigt's model of hard decisions, when two options are valued equally the value differential is too small to choose (conflict, dACC), and the tie is broken during the choice by fixation: precuneus allocates spatial attention bottom-up to the salient item and dlPFC holds it in working memory, which both settles the choice and raises that item's value, a change that lasts only if the choice is remembered (hippocampus)
- neuroscience
- motivation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1327: As Ryan and colleagues' 2022 meta-review maps it, the meta-analytic evidence for self-determination theory is concentrated in cognitive evaluation, organismic integration and basic needs theory, is mostly cross-sectional and heterogeneous, and has gaps: no meta-analysis of relationships motivation theory or of need frustration, one or two of causality orientations and goal contents, and none that separates integrated from identified regulation
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1331: Deci and Ryan's General Causality Orientations Scale measures autonomy, control and impersonal orientations as three separately scored and largely independent dispositions, reliable and stable over two months, whose validity rests on correlations with self-report measures in small samples, with behaviour its weakest support
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1338: In the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale as Chen et al. built it, the distinction between satisfaction and frustration coincides with item direction: every satisfaction item states a positive experience and every frustration item an aversive one, so the better fit of six factors over three, which is the scale's evidence that frustration is a separate dimension, is also what a keying or valence factor would produce
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1345: In three cross-sectional studies of undergraduates, most of the variance in adult attachment security lay within persons, across relational partners (56–79%, error included), and relationship-specific satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness predicted relationship-specific security in every relationship tested, also with the relatedness items removed; relatedness was the strongest unique predictor, then autonomy, then competence
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1347: In Patrick, Knee, Canevello and Lonsbary's three correlational studies, perceiving that a romantic partner fulfils one's needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness goes with better relationship quality, with relatedness the strongest unique predictor and the partner's fulfilment adding to one's own; but the measure does not separate the needs, its autonomy and competence subscales correlating .96 once corrected for unreliability
Nov 03, 2026
THEORY-1349: In two cross-lagged panel studies of university students, a negatively worded self-report of need frustration predicted later depressive symptoms (standardized β .13 to .18 over three lags) and later negative affect, net of earlier depression and negative affect, while negative affect did not predict later depression; depression also predicted later need frustration at one lag of two
- motivation
- psychopathology-and-treatment
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1949: Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation.
- motivation
- social-science
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1954: Psychological Need Thwarting in the Sport Context: Assessing the Darker Side of Athletic Experience
- psychometrics
- motivation
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1955: The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality
- motivation
- psychometrics
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1960: The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1962: A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1964: Psychological need frustration as a transdiagnostic process in associations of self-critical perfectionism with depressive symptoms and eating pathology
- motivation
- psychopathology-and-treatment
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1966: What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs.
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1967: We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory.
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1968: Daily Well-Being: The Role of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1969: Interpersonal supports for basic psychological needs and their relations with motivation, well-being, and performance: A meta-analysis.
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1970: Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using cognitive evaluation theory.
- motivation
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1971: The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective.
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1973: Facilitating Internalization: The Self-Determination Theory Perspective
- motivation
- self-governance
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1974: Unhappy or unsatisfied: distinguishing the role of negative affect and need frustration in depressive symptoms over the academic year and during the COVID-19 pandemic
- motivation
- psychopathology-and-treatment
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1977: Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1978: The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scales probably do not validly measure need frustration.
- psychometrics
- motivation
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1979: Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being.
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1980: Beyond the three basic needs: beneficence satisfaction and frustration as predictors of well- and ill-being in a Central European sample
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1983: Distinguishing between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers: the case of beneficence as a candidate psychological need
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1989: Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being.
- motivation
- social-science
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-1996: Testing a continuum structure of self-determined motivation: A meta-analysis.
- motivation
- psychometrics
Nov 02, 2026
LIT-2000: Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures
- motivation
- well-being
Nov 02, 2026
QUESTION-369: What would show that an experience is a basic psychological need, something an organism's functioning requires, rather than something that reliably raises reported well-being, when self-determination theory identifies needs by their effects on well-being and treats well-being as the presence of need satisfaction?
Oct 30, 2026
CLAIM-505: A goal's lowered priority under positive affect need not be a weaker hold of the prevailing ordering: on Carver's satisficing account the effort released goes to the goal furthest behind, which the prevailing ordering of the system's states may itself direct
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 30, 2026
LIT-1853: Investigating the “Flow” Experience: Key Conceptual and Operational Issues
Oct 30, 2026
LIT-1854: Positive affect as informational feedback in goal pursuit
- motivation
- emotion-and-affect
Oct 30, 2026
LIT-1860: Pushing and Coasting in Dynamic Goal Pursuit: Coasting Is Attenuated in Bipolar Disorder
Oct 30, 2026
LIT-1878: On the mechanics of goal striving: Experimental evidence of coasting and shifting
- motivation
- emotion-and-affect
Oct 30, 2026
THEORY-1175: Between tests, implementation intentions in the contingent if-then format had larger effects than plans that schedule when, where and what without linking cue to response (d = .43 against .29); rehearsing the plan once raised the effect, keeping a copy to revisit lowered it (.31 against .44), and adding how or for how long to a time-and-place cue roughly halved it
Oct 30, 2026
THEORY-1176: Implementation intentions affect performance only when the goal intention they serve is strong and activated, so the cue-triggered response is gated by the goal and does not fire on the cue alone
Oct 30, 2026
THEORY-1192: Across 642 experimental tests to September 2019, forming implementation intentions reliably improved behaviour, cognitive performance, affect regulation and social judgement, but publication bias was substantial: the pooled d = .36 falls to a model-averaged d = .15 under robust Bayesian meta-analysis, with large heterogeneity
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1687: Two Decades of Terror Management Theory: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Salience Research
- motivation
- self
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1689: The Concept and Psychological Consequences of Symbolic Immortality
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1691: Generativity as a Route to Active Ageing
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1693: Psychometric validation of the Loyola Generativity Scale in Chilean teachers: evidence for a three factor structure
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1702: Future self-continuity: how conceptions of the future self transform intertemporal choice
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1713: Responsibility to Future Generations: A Moral Reframing Strategy for Combatting Climate Change
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1714: The Broken Connection: On Death and the Continuity of Life
- self
- motivation
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1716: Legacies, Immortality, and the Future: The Psychology of Intergenerational Altruism
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1717: Leaving a Legacy: Intergenerational Allocations of Benefits and Burdens
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1719: I Belong, therefore, I Exist: Ingroup Identification, Ingroup Entitativity, and Ingroup Bias
- social-identity
- motivation
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1724: How Will I Be Remembered? Conserving the Environment for the Sake of One's Legacy
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1730: Managing the Terror of Publication Bias: A Systematic Review of the Mortality Salience Hypothesis
- motivation
- social-science
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1737: Evolution, altruism and cognitive architecture: a critique of Sober and Wilson's argument for psychological altruism
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1741: Perceived responsibility towards future generations and environmental concern: Convergent evidence across multiple outcomes in a large, nationally representative sample
- future-generations
- motivation
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1750: The impact of place and legacy framing on climate action: A lifespan approach
- motivation
- future-generations
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1760: It's Only a Matter of Time: Death, Legacies, and Intergenerational Decisions
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1771: Social Influence and Group Identity
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1772: Social identity theory
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1777: A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1779: The Afterlife (Tanner Lectures I and II)
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1785: Activating the legacy motive mitigates intergenerational discounting in the climate game
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1796: Many Labs 4: Failure to Replicate Mortality Salience Effect With and Without Original Author Involvement
Oct 29, 2026
QUESTION-301: Is acting for one's legacy, for how one is remembered or for people who will live after one's death, self-interest on a self extended in time, as collectivism on the owner's thesis is self-interest on a self extended across people?
Oct 29, 2026
QUESTION-308: Do the process effects of implementation intentions, the immediacy, efficiency under load and running without conscious intent of the planned response and the better detection of its cue, survive correction for publication bias or preregistered replication, and do they mediate goal attainment rather than merely accompany it?
Oct 29, 2026
QUESTION-309: Within one design, do contingent if-then plans outperform schedule plans for the same goal, sample and outcome, does recording the plan weaken it, and does rehearsal work through the accessibility of the cue or the strength of the cue–response link?
Oct 29, 2026
QUESTION-310: Does the effect of forming implementation intentions stay reliably above zero, and of the same small order, once tests published after September 2019 are added or preregistered multi-site replications are run with correction for publication bias, and does it hold outside the lab and online?
Oct 29, 2026
QUESTION-314: Is the response an implementation intention specifies gated by the goal intention it serves, so that with the goal deactivated or weak the cue alone does not produce it, and does the gate survive the plan's being acted on many times?
Oct 29, 2026
THEORY-1117: Ainslie proposes that self-control over time needs no faculty of will: hyperbolic discounting makes preferences that dominate at different delays, these grow into interests that bargain with no governor above them, and resolve is the recursive staking of expected future choices on the present one
Oct 28, 2026
THEORY-1110: Shenhav, Botvinick and Cohen propose that control is allocated top-down by a dedicated specifying system: dACC computes the expected value of a control signal, its probability-weighted payoff less an intrinsic cost rising with intensity, and specifies the signal that lateral prefrontal and subcortical structures implement
Oct 27, 2026
CLAIM-468: Valence intensity need not be the strength of the prevailing ordering's potential: in Hesp et al.'s model negative valence is a weakening of the preference ordering's precision with a fall back to habit, and positive affect is reported to lower a goal's priority, so for either sign stronger valence can go with a weaker hold of the ordering
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 24, 2026
LIT-1474: An Action-Based Model of Cognitive-Dissonance Processes
Oct 24, 2026
LIT-1488: The when and how of planning: Meta-analysis of the scope and components of implementation intentions in 642 tests
Oct 24, 2026
LIT-1497: Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta‐analysis of Effects and Processes
Oct 24, 2026
THEORY-904: Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) conclude, narratively from a handful of studies that measured or manipulated the goal intention, that implementation intentions affect performance only when the goal intention they serve is strong and activated, so the planned response is not elicited mechanically by its cue; in 2024, across eight tests, plan effects were larger with strong, activated or self-concordant goal intentions than with weak, unactivated or self-discordant ones (d = .79 for the difference), and in 31 physical-activity tests split at the median of intention, planning helped with strong intentions (d = .31) and had no effect with weak ones (d ≈ 0)
Oct 24, 2026
THEORY-908: Between tests, uncorrected for publication bias, implementation intentions in the contingent if-then format had larger effects than plans that schedule when, where and what without linking cue to response (d = .43 against .29); tests in which the plan was rehearsed had larger effects (.45 against .33, with no gain beyond one rehearsal), tests in which it was recorded had smaller ones (.31 against .44), and adding how or for how long to a time and place went with about half the effect (.24 against .46)
Oct 24, 2026
THEORY-913: In small fixed-effect meta-analytic pools without correction for publication bias, responses specified in if-then plans ran more immediately (d = .77, k = 7), held up under a concurrent cognitive load (d = .85, k = 7) and ran without conscious intent (d = .72, k = 3) compared with responses under a goal intention alone, and the planned cues were detected, attended to and remembered better (d = .80, k = 6); the authors read this as control of the response handed in advance to the cue
Oct 24, 2026
THEORY-918: Across 642 experimental tests to September 2019, forming implementation intentions improved outcomes, with uncorrected effects on behaviour (d = .27), cognitive performance (.47), affect regulation (.66) and social judgement (.52), but publication bias was substantial: the pooled d = .36 falls to a model-averaged d = .15 under robust Bayesian meta-analysis, which still found extreme evidence of an effect (BF10 = 319), with large heterogeneity
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-433: The potential account of valence is an account of goal-conduciveness valence, not of intrinsic pleasantness: on the component process model's separation of levels of valence, the ordering that prevails ranks states by need satisfaction and goal attainment, the potential's strength tracks 'wanting' and its sign tracks goal conduciveness, while 'liking' is a separate appraisal with its own ordering; so the wanting–liking dissociation is two valence systems coming apart, as that separation predicts, and the objection that the account is not about pleasure is conceded rather than answered
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-437: 'Wanting' and 'liking' are saliences relative to different, overlapping processes, pursuit and consummation, each ranking states by their bearing on its own concerns; valence is then relative to a perspective, every perspective in the negotiation has its own, the system's valence is that of the perspective whose ordering is the negotiation's potential, and ambivalence is strong saliences of opposite sign with no potential absorbing them
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-438: An ordering serving as the negotiation's potential, as the potential account of valence defines it, tracks 'wanting', not 'liking': sensitized incentive salience wins a system's conflicts, persists and resumes while hedonic impact measured by taste reactivity stays flat or falls, so the regime the account calls hedonic valence is motivational valence, and hedonic valence, if it is anywhere in the account, is elsewhere
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-440: An organization's appraisal is the negotiation among its perspectives, a common currency is that negotiation's admitting an ordering of the options it faces, and goal-conduciveness valence is a regime in which an ordering of the organization's own states by their bearing on its maintenance prevails in the negotiation; so valence presupposes contested rankings, not frustrated demands, its sign is whether the organization runs ahead of or behind a reference course along the potential ordering, its intensity is how far the negotiation's decisions follow that ordering, and ambivalence, where no ordering prevails, differs from neutrality, where one prevails and the organization keeps to its course
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-441: Flow tells against the potential account's condition that valence is undefined where no pair is contested: on the record's own account of flow nothing is overridden because an activity's immediate reward and its longer-run value coincide, yet flow is reported as positive, so either flow's positivity is intrinsic pleasantness and not goal-conduciveness valence, or flow keeps contested pairs its processes settle among themselves, or the positivity comes after the episode and not during it, or the condition is wrong
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-442: Frijda's emotion and the potential account's system valence sit on opposite sides of the gap between the precedence a motive claims and the authority it is granted: an emotion, action readiness claiming control precedence, is a claim, a perspective's valence is read on its claims, and the system's valence is read on what the negotiation grants, so a change in grants with the claims fixed, as mindfulness is said to make, changes the system's valence and leaves the perspectives' emotions and valences as they were
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-443: A learned prior over which processes govern, P(g | z, H) ∝ exp(βQ(g, z) + b_H(g, z)), its bias b_H trained by reward-modulated Hebbian updates to the relations by which one process recruits or endorses another, is a candidate mechanism for durable authority and for amortized governance; but persistence is not amortization, which is shown only when earlier work replaces later computation, communication or recruitment, and a prior over authority differs from a prior over actions only when what is appropriate changes
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-447: Model-based wanting is a pursuit process's ranking of the futures it predicts under candidate interventions, P(S | do(a)) against P(S | do(a₀)), while cue-triggered wanting is learned salience that need not compute those futures; a process's causal model, its wanting and its practical efficacy are separable, so learning to want differently, learning that a want will not pay, and learning not to act on it are three different changes
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-449: The potential account of valence's first consequence, no frustration, no valence, runs together two relations: perspectives' contested rankings, which a record of winning moves registers, and demands that are jointly infeasible, which the compatibility complex registers; rankings can contest while every demand is satisfiable, and demands can be infeasible before any contest is recorded, so the consequence needs one of them named, and the absorbed writer, reported as positive with nothing contested, tests whichever is chosen
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 23, 2026
CLAIM-451: When an organization's record of winning moves cycles, the failure is organizational nonintegrability, distinct from a perspective's own preference instability and from switching of the governing regime; it becomes organizational tension only when realized as costly reversal against demands the organization maintains, and cognitive dissonance only when that tension is detected and appraised as aversive; learning can relieve it by accommodation, by entrenched precedence or by cheap periodic coordination, which observed coherence does not tell apart, and ambivalence and nonintegrability entail neither one another
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1433: Demystifying Emotions: A Typology of Theories in Psychology and Philosophy
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1434: The power of goal-directed processes in the causation of emotional and other actions
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1441: Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1445: Pleasure as a sign you can attend to something else: Placing positive feelings within a general model of affect
- emotion-and-affect
- motivation
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1449: Control Theory, Goal Attainment, and Psychopathology
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1450: Pain experience in hermit crabs?
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1457: The Emotion Process: Event Appraisal and Component Differentiation
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1458: Levels of valence
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1459: Pleasure systems in the brain
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1461: Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1465: A taxonomy of technology design features that promote potentially addictive online behaviours
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1466: Motivational trade-offs and modulation of nociception in bumblebees
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1467: Pleasure: the common currency
Oct 23, 2026
LIT-1470: Motivational trade-offs and potential pain experience in hermit crabs
Oct 23, 2026
QUESTION-267: When the ordering that prevails a system's negotiation ranks its states by a proxy for its maintenance rather than by its maintenance, as a firm's potential metric may, is that valence, and is it the form that metric fixation in organizations and addiction in persons share?
Oct 23, 2026
QUESTION-269: Does the potential account of valence need the will-organization's other relations, accessibility, jurisdiction, suspension and transformation, beside the priority, persistence and resumption it reads off which side wins, and does a system's valence change when one of them changes and the record of wins does not?
Oct 23, 2026
TERM-076: goal-conduciveness valence, organizational: a regime in which the negotiation among a system's perspectives has, approximately, a potential, an ordering of the system's own states by their bearing on its maintenance along which the moves that win its conflicts are improvements, persisting and restored after interruption; signed by whether the system runs ahead of or behind a reference course along that potential, and as intense as the negotiation's decisions follow it rather than any rival ordering
Oct 23, 2026
THEORY-893: Reward has separable components: 'liking', its hedonic impact, measurable without report by orofacial taste reactivity in humans, apes, monkeys and rodents, and 'wanting', its incentive salience; brain stimulation and sensitization can raise 'wanting' without raising 'liking', so motivation can grow while pleasure stays flat or falls, and 'liking' reactions can occur without any subjective feeling of pleasure
Oct 23, 2026
THEORY-895: Incentive sensitization: repeated drug exposure can make the mesolimbic 'wanting' system lastingly hyper-reactive to drug cues and contexts, so that cue-triggered incentive salience grows, persists for years and even increases during abstinence, while 'liking' need not rise and may fall; sensitized 'wanting' can oppose the person's cognitive desire, and incentive salience can run without any reportable change in feeling
Oct 22, 2026
CASE-128: The voluntary delegation: a person gives a friend the password to a distracting application during a calm period and is refused it later under temptation, while another person lives under the same restriction imposed without consent
- self-governance
- motivation
Oct 22, 2026
LIT-1389: Willpower and Personal Rules
Oct 18, 2026
CASE-109: Two people with the same demanding commitment, the same output and the same effort in the work, who differ in how their intrapersonal conflict is settled: one escalates it to deliberate override, the other's processes accommodate one another
Oct 18, 2026
CLAIM-356: An objective that originates outside a learning system can become a goal of the training organization, through its causal role in selecting, stabilizing and reproducing the learned structure it rewards; exogenous origin does not disqualify a goal, but it does not show that the network governs or endorses the objective, and what is selected is performance on the updating distribution, not generalization
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1209: Thinking, Fast and Slow
- cognition
- motivation
Oct 18, 2026
QUESTION-131: How does structural frustration among jointly incompatible demands relate to operative thwarting of a constituent's demands, and under what conditions can one occur without the other?
Oct 18, 2026
TERM-060: frustration, of an organization's demands: the failure of the demands it maintains to be jointly realizable under its admissible transformations and its governance
Oct 16, 2026
LIT-1187: The construction of preference.
- cognition
- motivation
Oct 12, 2026
CLAIM-198: Preference reversal is not yet disunity: interests that govern a choice at disjoint times glue, and a self is divided over a choice only on an overlap, which the agent's prediction of its own later valuation creates
Oct 12, 2026
CLAIM-261: Synchronization of an agent's interests is desirable, but not necessary for acting as one: internal conflict shows a human agent acting while its interests stay divided
Oct 12, 2026
LIT-1005: Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective
Oct 12, 2026
QUESTION-066: Does the way a course of action is held, under felt external control or for the agent's own reasons, set how long it persists once outside support is removed, with the agent's valuation of the activity held fixed?
Oct 12, 2026
QUESTION-077: Is agreement among an agent's interests produced by coupling, as when each sees and follows the current majority, a different kind of integration from agreement because their valuations coincide?
Oct 11, 2026
CLAIM-162: In flow an activity's immediate reward and its longer-run value coincide, so no interest has to be overridden (synchronization as non-crossing valuations, with no dynamical mechanism claimed), and that is why focused action in flow is reported as effortless
Oct 11, 2026
CLAIM-169: On Ainslie's account the population of interests is produced by desynchronized valuation, not given by a fixed architecture: an agent is many interests over a choice only as far as its valuations of that choice cross within the choice's horizon
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-903: From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-906: The effect of brief mindfulness training on momentary impulsivity
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-914: The Concept of Flow
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-916: Brief Online Training in Mindfulness Meditation Momentarily Reduces Some Impulsive Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Oct 11, 2026
TERM-050: intrapersonal synchronization
- behavioral-integration
- motivation
Oct 05, 2026
LIT-754: Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation—Negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (1999)
Oct 05, 2026
THEORY-154: Whether an expected tangible reward lowers or raises later intrinsic motivation depends on how tightly its stated contingency ties it to performance and success
Oct 04, 2026
LIT-704: The laws of emotion
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-540: Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-545: Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-556: Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-557: A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-558: The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-559: Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-560: Self-Regulation and the Problem of Human Autonomy: Does Psychology Need Choice, Self-Determination, and Will?
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-561: Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-562: Pervasive negative effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation: The myth continues
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-574: A Multicomponent Conceptualization of Authenticity: Theory and Research
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-577: Sophisticated Inference
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-583: Breakdown of Will
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-584: Model-based and model-free Pavlovian reward learning: Revaluation, revision, and revelation
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-585: The Expected Value of Control: An Integrative Theory of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Function
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-586: Précis of Breakdown of Will
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-589: Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-Being: The Self-Concordance Model
Oct 03, 2026
LIT-604: Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality–social, clinical, and health psychology
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-046: Expected tangible rewards for merely engaging in an interesting task lower later free-choice engagement with it
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-047: A regulation taken in under controlling conditions is introjected rather than integrated, so the social history of how a value was acquired shapes how autonomous acting on it is
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-049: Whether an external event lowers or raises intrinsic motivation depends on whether it is experienced as controlling or as information about competence
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-052: Frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is a transdiagnostic process in psychopathology
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-054: A regulation is autonomous to the degree it is integrated with one's other values and needs: autonomy is graded, and is not set by the order of the attitude that endorses it
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-067: Self-control over time needs no faculty of will: interests that dominate at different delays bargain, and resolve is the recursive staking of expected future choices on the present one
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-070: How much cognitive control to exert, and on what, is decided by a cost-benefit computation (the expected value of control) in a specification system distinct from the structures that implement the control
Oct 03, 2026
THEORY-077: Goals pursued for identified or intrinsic reasons receive more sustained effort, which carries their better attainment, and attaining them raises well-being more than attaining goals pursued under pressure

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