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70 items with this tag.

Nov 04, 2026
CLAIM-546: Negative frequency dependence that keeps two types in coexistence does not make their interaction cooperative: in Hawk–Dove with cost C above value V each type increases when rare and they coexist at the interior equilibrium of V/C Hawks, with Hawks still taking the whole resource from Doves, and on the Black Queen account producers of a leaked good and the cells that use it without paying coexist at a frequency set by the community's need; so whether types persist together and whether they cooperate are separate questions, and a coexistence criterion answers only the first
Nov 04, 2026
QUESTION-371: Can a moral norm work among cooperating groups as a stabilizing mechanism does in coexistence theory, limiting a dominant group more than it limits its rivals so that a group reduced to rarity can increase again; and is that what separates norms that keep several groups in being from norms that serve only one group's internal cooperation?
Oct 30, 2026
THEORY-1235: Losing a costly function whose product leaks to neighbours is favoured by ordinary individual selection in large free-living microbial populations, and the loss proceeds until the remaining producers just supply the community, so that most cells come to depend on a rare few with no relatedness, cooperation or collective required
- endosymbiosis
- ecology
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1824: Tractable models of ecological assembly
- ecology
- mathematics
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1826: MacArthur's consumer-resource model
- ecology
- mathematics
Oct 29, 2026
LIT-1827: Multispecies Competition in Variable Environments
- ecology
- mathematics
Oct 29, 2026
THEORY-1162: In a consumer-resource model whose species-resource benefits and impacts have correlation rho, the replica-symmetric cavity fixed point loses stability where rho squared equals surviving species over non-depleted resources
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 29, 2026
THEORY-1168: In a Lotka–Volterra community with a symmetric interaction matrix, the growth-weighted biomass rᵀx strictly increases along every edge of the invasion graph, so the invasion graph has no cycles
- ecology
- mathematics
Oct 27, 2026
CASE-171: Mealybugs, Tremblaya and Moranella: a bacterium inside a bacterium inside an insect, amino-acid pathways patched together from three genomes and genes transferred from other bacteria, and an inner symbiont replaced several times while the transferred genes stayed
Oct 27, 2026
CASE-173: Aphids and Buchnera: an obligate nutritional symbiosis in which neither partner reproduces alone, and the symbiont's genome reduced to a seventh of E. coli's
Oct 27, 2026
CASE-177: Hodgkinia in cicadas: one endosymbiont splitting into two to dozens of interdependent lineages, with near-complementary gene sets, idiosyncratic fragmentation in Magicicada, and hosts transmitting up to six times as many cells to keep every lineage
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1557: Trafficking of protein into the recently established photosynthetic organelles of Paulinella chromatophora
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1559: Extreme genome reduction in symbiotic bacteria
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1560: Protein import into bacterial endosymbionts and evolving organelles
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1562: Nitrogen-fixing organelle in a marine alga
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1563: Sympatric Speciation in a Bacterial Endosymbiont Results in Two Genomes with the Functionality of One
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1565: An Interdependent Metabolic Patchwork in the Nested Symbiosis of Mealybugs
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1568: The Black Queen Hypothesis: Evolution of Dependencies through Adaptive Gene Loss
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1569: Horizontal Gene Transfer from Diverse Bacteria to an Insect Genome Enables a Tripartite Nested Mealybug Symbiosis
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1570: The Evolution of Dependence and Cohesion in Incipient Endosymbioses
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1571: How do bacterial endosymbionts work with so few genes?
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1572: Repeated replacement of an intrabacterial symbiont in the tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1573: Accelerated evolution and Muller's rachet in endosymbiotic bacteria
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1586: Multiple origins of interdependent endosymbiotic complexes in a genus of cicadas
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1590: Changes in Endosymbiont Complexity Drive Host-Level Compensatory Adaptations in Cicadas
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1596: Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1602: Idiosyncratic Genome Degradation in a Bacterial Endosymbiont of Periodical Cicadas
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1603: The Evolution of Cooperation
- game-theory
- ecology
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1605: Host Control of Symbiont Transmission: The Separation of Symbionts Into Germ and Soma
- endosymbiosis
- ecology
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1608: Branching Processes: Variation, Growth, and Extinction of Populations
- mathematics
- ecology
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1612: Genome expansion via lineage splitting and genome reduction in the cicada endosymbiont Hodgkinia
Oct 27, 2026
LIT-1617: Host–symbiont conflict over the mixing of symbiotic lineages
- endosymbiosis
- ecology
Oct 27, 2026
THEORY-1048: On the Black Queen Hypothesis of Morris, Lenski and Zinser, losing a costly function whose product leaks to neighbours is favoured by ordinary individual selection in large free-living microbial populations, and the loss proceeds until the remaining producers just supply the community, so that most cells come to depend on a rare few with no relatedness, cooperation or collective required
- endosymbiosis
- ecology
Oct 20, 2026
QUESTION-229: Does the critical delay of a delayed random Lotka–Volterra community still fall with diversity when self-regulation is weak and interactions set the leading eigenvalue, is its Hopf bifurcation supercritical, and is the divergent phase reported past it real under a stiff delay-equation solver?
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 18, 2026
CASE-117: Emergent specialization and recovery in a population of adaptive operators: identically parameterized operators whose contributions, influence and training opportunities co-evolve over a changing task distribution, compared across fixed and learned features, uniform, endorsement-based and contribution-based influence, coupled and decoupled training exposure, and imposed and endogenous diversity
Oct 18, 2026
CASE-118: Two competing components with interaction matrix A = [[1, ρ], [ρ, 1]]: with equal growth rates their invasion growth is 1 − ρ, the smallest eigenvalue of the Gram matrix, and with growth rates 1 ± δ the same matrix supports coexistence only when |δ| < (1 − ρ)/(1 + ρ), so feature geometry alone does not fix coexistence
Oct 18, 2026
CASE-119: Three demands each requiring one coordinate of an outcome to equal 1, with attainable outcomes (1,1,0), (1,0,1) and (0,1,1): every pair is jointly satisfiable and the triple is not, and a new composite policy that can also produce (1,1,1) relieves the frustration by enlarging the attainable set, with the acceptance sets unchanged and no demand suppressed
Oct 18, 2026
CLAIM-369: In symmetric resource-mediated competition with interaction matrix A = UᵀU and growth rates r = Uᵀb − c, Lotka–Volterra population dynamics are multiplicative gradient flow on the convex feature-selection objective ½‖b − Un‖² + cᵀn over the nonnegative orthant: the invasion fitness of an absent component is the negative partial derivative of that objective, and the uninvadable equilibria are its KKT points
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1219: Mechanisms of Maintenance of Species Diversity
- ecology
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1225: Division of labour and the evolution of extreme specialization
- philosophy-of-biology
- ecology
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1230: The Minimum Environmental Perturbation Principle: A New Perspective on Niche Theory
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1231: Constrained optimization as ecological dynamics with applications to random quadratic programming in high dimensions
- ecology
- mathematics
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1233: Permanence via invasion graphs: incorporating community assembly into modern coexistence theory
- ecology
- mathematics
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1234: Ecological communities with Lotka-Volterra dynamics
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1235: What can ecosystems learn? Expanding evolutionary ecology with learning theory
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1236: Phase Transition to Chaos in Complex Ecosystems with Nonreciprocal Species-Resource Interactions
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 18, 2026
LIT-1237: Linking modern coexistence theory and contemporary niche theory
- ecology
Oct 18, 2026
QUESTION-132: Under what conditions do initially equivalent adaptive operators differentiate into functionally complementary specialists that each have positive recovery growth when rare, rather than into roles kept in place by external load balancing or by persistent authority asymmetries?
Oct 18, 2026
QUESTION-135: When does spectral differentiation among learned features correspond to stabilizing coexistence among the processes that implement them, and what besides the feature geometry decides it?
Oct 16, 2026
THEORY-469: Because persistence (mean absolute fitness at least 1) and selection (fitness differences) are logically independent, niche construction theory's evolutionary niche, read externally as the factors producing fitness differences in a population, differs in extension from the realized population ecological niche even after unit and modality are matched, so it is not a simple translation of Hutchinson's niche
Oct 16, 2026
THEORY-473: Scaled down to one organism, Hutchinson's niche, defined as the conditions that give that individual an expected lifetime reproductive success of at least one, is observed only as a point; the rest of it is counterfactual, reached by translocation in only a few dimensions and otherwise inferred from other individuals, so in practice it is the niche of a phenotype class, and its authors call it mostly metaphorical
Oct 16, 2026
THEORY-548: In generalised Lotka–Volterra dynamics with every interaction delayed by τ, a feasible equilibrium that is stable without delay loses stability at τ_c = min over the community eigenvalues j of arctan(|Re j|/|Im j|)/|j|, where a pair of roots crosses the imaginary axis transversally (a Hopf point), so the critical delay is set by the community spectrum; in Saeedian et al.'s strongly self-regulated setting the oscillating regime's community-level variability falls with diversity (S = 10–70) while species-level variability rises, and the fall matches what summing independently oscillating species gives
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 16, 2026
THEORY-560: In rodents, gut microbes can drive stress and affect-related behaviour through vagal, immune, endocrine and metabolite routes, and faecal transplant from depressed people partly transfers the phenotype; in people, probiotics have so far shown at most small reductions in subjective stress in healthy volunteers, and strains with strong preclinical records have failed in controlled trials
Oct 12, 2026
QUESTION-063: When a collective outcome such as synchrony, or the fall of a regulated quantity, can come from a shared external drive, from coupling among the members or from different internal routes, what measurement or intervention tells which architecture produced it, given that directional information measures under a recorded one-sided drive need not follow the coupling?
Oct 11, 2026
CASE-047: Gut microbes and the host's hunger and mood: a lower-level collective that can drive the person
Oct 11, 2026
CLAIM-166: A lower-level collective within the composite person, such as the gut microbiome, can at times drive higher-level behaviour and even experience: the routes exist and the effects are causal in rodents, while the human evidence is modest
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-903: From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-915: One Giant Leap from Mouse to Man: The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Mood Disorders and Translational Challenges Moving towards Human Clinical Trials
Oct 11, 2026
LIT-930: Will a Large Complex System be Stable?
Oct 05, 2026
LIT-720: Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 05, 2026
LIT-726: Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to observation
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 05, 2026
LIT-741: Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 05, 2026
THEORY-132: Stability, a system's speed of return to equilibrium after disturbance, and resilience, its capacity to absorb change and persist within its domain of attraction, are distinct properties that can trade off, so a system can be highly unstable and highly resilient, and managing it for constancy can erode its resilience
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 05, 2026
THEORY-136: A persistent or abrupt change is not evidence that a system has alternative stable states: field patterns such as jumps, multimodality and dual relationships also arise from a stepwise driver or a simple threshold, and only hysteresis, initial-state dependence or a lasting shift after a temporary disturbance, with slow return excluded, comes close to showing one
- ecology
- complex-systems
Oct 04, 2026
CASE-024: A coral reef
- ecology
- agency
Oct 04, 2026
LIT-709: Conceptualization of the Holobiont Paradigm as It Pertains to Corals
Oct 04, 2026
LIT-711: Phase Shifts, Herbivory, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change
Oct 04, 2026
LIT-712: Defining Coral Bleaching as a Microbial Dysbiosis within the Coral Holobiont
Oct 04, 2026
THEORY-128: After mass bleaching, coral recovery on a reef crest depends on large herbivorous fishes keeping macroalgae down, because recovery runs through recruitment and survival that macroalgae suppress, not through the persistence of surviving colonies alone
Oct 04, 2026
THEORY-130: Coral bleaching is the breakdown of a regulated host–symbiont exchange, reached by more than one route, not a single mechanism of symbiont loss

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