Definition

A17 §3: α_{q,τ}(x; a, e) = sup over procedures π available to agent a in environment e of P(retrieval of x under π takes at most τ, and π succeeds), for task q and deadline τ. A19 §4 added the cue actually supplied, q: α(x | q, M, a, e, τ), the probability of deploying x by τ given the request as made and the memory M as held. A23 §II.C uses that form.

Five things it is not, from A17 §1: physical presence; knowing that the resource is present; knowing where it is; deploying it in time (this term); and its still serving the purpose, since a resource deployed in time can be the wrong one.

What it must not be confused with

  • Usable information (CLAIM-199), which is about what a receiver’s rules can extract from a rendering. This is about acting, and includes the time the extraction takes.
  • Affordance (Gibson, LIT-1065, unread). A17: an affordance exists whether or not it is perceived; this is the chance it is realized in time.
  • Existence. The medic’s “If I can’t find it, it isn’t there” is α ≈ 0 read as absence. A16: “literally false as a claim about inventory, but potentially correct as an operational equivalence.”

Note of 2026-10-15: retrieval done before the request

Hutchins’s cockpit study (LIT-1066, read in NOTE-867) shows a factor this definition does not carry. The crew computes approach speeds 25–30 minutes before landing, at low workload, and sets bugs on the airspeed indicators; when the speeds are needed, reading them is “a judgment of spatial adjacency”. The environment supplies the cue (the displayed weight selects the card; the needle nearing a bug), and the work of retrieval is moved ahead of the deadline. α as defined starts the clock at the request. A system can raise α by doing retrieval earlier and leaving its result in the world, which the definition counts only through the environment term e. That is worth making explicit if the term is revised. The study is a task analysis, with no measurements and no failures, for an anticipated and invariant task, not a search for one item under a deadline as in CASE-085.

Note of 2026-10-15: the procedure chosen is not the best one

α takes the supremum over the procedures available. Gray and Fu (LIT-1058, read in NOTE-864) show that people do not pick the best procedure: they pick the cheapest, and a few hundred milliseconds of extra access cost was enough to shift them from perfect information on a display to memory. Realized deployment can therefore fall below α, as in CASE-085, where recall was tried before search.

Note of 2026-10-29: carried from a resource to a right

Herd and Moynihan’s Administrative Burden, LIT-1609, read in its introduction only (NOTE-1382), uses this term’s sense for a right. Burdens can restrict access to a benefit or a right with no change to formal eligibility, so that what is lost is the practical ability to use it: the right is present and known, and not deployable before the deadline. That is the separation of deployability from presence and from knowing it is present, applied to rights, as A8 proposed for CASE-172. Whether the book’s chapters give a measure of that loss is not known from this reading; take-up is the introduction’s only one. The term is unchanged.