Definition

A claim that one thing descends from another says which of these it means.

  1. Provenance. One realization was made from another: a single transport (TERM-008) from a given source. Directed. It is the relation a fidelity profile is defined for (TERM-043), so the descendant has a fidelity to its source, high or low. CLAIM-210’s “T was made from S”, whose sentence was revised on 2026-10-27 to call this provenance; CLAIM-246’s objection, and CLAIM-204’s account of direction, which points to CLAIM-210’s answer.
  2. Lineage. Continuity of transmission across successive carriers: a retelling of a retelling, a fandom carried through a generation, an institution across its branches. Directed, and transitive along the chain. It is CLAIM-002’s “continuity of transmission” (“descent is not similarity”), TERM-071’s historical persistence, and what CLAIM-329 says persistence through total turnover consists in; CLAIM-191’s later entries that “reach the claim by descent, by its code”, and CLAIM-417’s “Historical descent”. CLAIM-287’s caution applies: it “is not automatically an equivalence relation”, since lineages can branch and merge.
  3. Common ancestry. Two realizations descend, each by lineage, from one ancestor, and neither from the other. Symmetric between the two. No transport runs between them, so neither has any fidelity to the other. CASE-054’s Crow and Hidatsa joking relations, from a parent tribe; the paragraph CLAIM-210 gained on 2026-10-27.
  4. Causal descent. The later thing exists because of the earlier one’s activity, with nothing of it passed on. Directed, with no fidelity and no continuation. CLAIM-420: “a movement founded to oppose someone can descend from them without continuing their perspective”, so “causal descent is not perspectival inheritance”. CLAIM-329’s note of 2026-10-26 gives the limiting case: every training checkpoint is causally descended from the last, so causal descent alone cannot tell continuation from replacement.

What separates them:

sensedirectedfidelitycontinuation
provenanceyesthe descendant to its sourceno
lineageyesopen: see belowthe candidate for persistence
common ancestrynonone between the pairno
causal descentyesnoneno

What it is not

  • Similarity. None of the four is resemblance, and resemblance is evidence for none of them without a route (CLAIM-002, CLAIM-329). Two realizations can share a kind with no descent at all (CLAIM-210’s I).
  • Kind-sharing. Kind-sharing is symmetric and carries no history (TERM-040); descent in senses 1, 2 and 4 is directed, and common ancestry is a fact about history that kind-sharing is not.
  • Identity. A lineage can continue an organization in one respect and not another, and several later collectives can each descend from one (CLAIM-328); numerical identity is a further question (QUESTION-118).
  • Descent in optimization. “Gradient descent” and the “common descent direction” of CLAIM-347, CLAIM-351 and CLAIM-366 are unrelated uses of the word.

What it leaves open

Whether a lineage is provenance composed along a chain, so that each branch has a fidelity relative to its ancestor. The record treats serial reproduction that way (CASE-068, CLAIM-056: local transport errors propagate through later reconstructions), and CASE-054 leaves it open for the reproduction of an institution, which is re-enacted rather than rendered from a token. If lineage is composed provenance, common ancestry gives each sibling a fidelity to the ancestor and still none to the other. ADR-056’s proposed kinds would class this term as a disambiguation.