Arguments by conclusion

Each claim an argument concludes, its arguments beneath it, and beneath each argument the claims that undercut it. An argument’s status is credence in its inference, not in its conclusion (ADR-059), so a Rejected argument under an Active claim is one route that failed.

argued_for · (c:CLAIM)<-[:concludes]-(g:ARG) · 57 matches

argued_for_undercut · (c:CLAIM)<-[:concludes]-(g:ARG)<-[:undercuts]-(u:CLAIM) · 29 matches

• CLAIM-005 — Pragmatic fidelity is the match between distributions of context-indexed communicative judgements across a correspondence of source and target contexts, not the similarity of one canonical meaning vector; the match constrains a translation only once one outcome correspondence is fixed across many items, and summed over source contexts alone it charges for loss and not for addition (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-026 — Judged pragmatic observables that predict human judgements of fidelity or shared kind better than text similarity support the central theses of the pragmatic-transport line (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-232 — Human ratings of stance or footing and human ratings of fidelity of the same renderings share rater construal, scale use and a general impression, which a machine similarity score shares with neither (Active, counter)
    • CLAIM-233 — The central theses’ defeat conditions pit them only against embedding, propositional or surface similarity, and two rivals the record holds, functional equivalence as Nida states it and a proposition with its illocutionary force, also predict that judged pragmatic observables beat text similarity (Active, granted)
• CLAIM-027 — Which of an agent’s available regimes becomes effective depends on maintained relations — accessibility, precedence, persistence, jurisdiction, suspension and transformation — that are not reducible to the contents of the competing regimes, whatever mechanisms realize them (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-005 — The reluctant writer’s precommitment device changes what they do without changing what they want, so the conditions of efficacy govern which regime acts (Proposed, contrast)
  • ARG-009 — Northstar-A and Northstar-B differ only in escalation authority and act differently, so escalation authority helps govern efficacy (Proposed, contrast)
  • ARG-051 — Mind-wandering, read as Metzinger reads it, is an individual-scale case in which a capacity the agent keeps, veto over its own mental processes, loses and regains efficacy through a change in a condition of efficacy and not in the competing processes, so it is a further instance of the conditions of efficacy governing which regime acts, the first in the record for suspension in one mind (Proposed, analogy)
• CLAIM-037 — Formal contextuality is a failure of global extension, distinct from ordinary context dependence, and needs Contextuality-by-Default when marginals shift with context (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-022 — The 2016 Contextuality-by-Default paper grounds the criterion the manuscript’s general observational covers need (Rejected, source)
• CLAIM-038 — A communicative object is a context-indexed system of empirical constraints over a cover of contexts, and these need not extend to one globally realizable interpretation (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-010 — Causality paradoxes in relativity show that locally consistent descriptions can lack a global realization, so local interpretations need not be fragments of one global interpretation (Rejected, analogy)
    • CLAIM-141 — Causal-loop consistency and sheaf contextuality are both local-to-global problems, but passing to distributions affects them oppositely: a loop with no deterministic solution has a distributional fixed point, while a model with no global section in its supports has no global distribution either (Active, granted)
    • CLAIM-144 — Inertial observers who disagree about temporal order differ in coordinates, not in a failure to glue: only spacelike-separated events change order between frames, and frames are global charts related by a group action (Active, granted)
• CLAIM-057 — Precedence, jurisdiction and suspension can vary independently (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-001 — Moving severity classification, or adding a business-critical override, changes outcomes without changing the rule, so precedence, jurisdiction and suspension come apart (Active, existence)
• CLAIM-058 — Context-conditioned language models give a controlled computational setting in which the theory’s frame, order and transport effects can be tested before human studies (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-008 — A language model’s response to its context is functionally a parameterized frame, so context-conditioned models give a controlled setting in which to test the theory (Active, analogy)
    • CLAIM-085 — A framing effect in a language model is a property of that model under those prompts, and what a translation ought to preserve is a normative question that model response distributions, being descriptive, cannot settle (Active, granted)
    • CLAIM-248 — The founding stimuli (Villon, Henley’s Villon, Hofstadter’s Marot) and commentary on them are likely in language models’ training data, and what a context does to one model need not be what it does to another, so a model’s reading of their footing may be recall, and a directional match in one model may not hold in the next (Active, counter)
• CLAIM-063 — A transport that approximately intertwines each framing operation approximately preserves their commutator, so the degree to which interpretive perspectives interfere can itself be part of what a translation preserves; on observed responses that degree is the order effect, which the intertwining defects bound only with a readout defect added and which the data identify only through observational distortion (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-006 — If the transport intertwines each framing operation exactly, it intertwines their commutator, so a translation that preserves the framing operations preserves their noncommutativity (Active, formal-application)
    • CLAIM-011 — Intertwining with an uninformative correspondence is vacuous or lossy, so the source–target correspondence must be anchored to independently measured distinctions and evaluated on tasks other than those it was estimated on (Active, granted)
    • CLAIM-253 — The intertwining defects are defined on unobservable interpretive-state spaces, so they are not identified from judgement data, and the commutator identity bounds observed order effects only with a further, unstated readout-intertwining defect (Active, counter)
• CLAIM-068 — Repeated reconstruction is attraction toward conventional regions of communicative possibility: pragmatic stances, not only lexicon and grammar, can be stabilized by transmission (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-027 — The record’s iterated-learning readings show that pragmatic stances and footing are stabilized by transmission (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-078 — The theory succeeds if its observational and decision measures predict changes of communicative identity that text similarity misses and follow its compositional predictions across reconstructions; it needs neither quantum contextuality nor exact Noether laws (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-026 — Judged pragmatic observables that predict human judgements of fidelity or shared kind better than text similarity support the central theses of the pragmatic-transport line (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-232 — Human ratings of stance or footing and human ratings of fidelity of the same renderings share rater construal, scale use and a general impression, which a machine similarity score shares with neither (Active, counter)
    • CLAIM-233 — The central theses’ defeat conditions pit them only against embedding, propositional or surface similarity, and two rivals the record holds, functional equivalence as Nida states it and a proposition with its illocutionary force, also predict that judged pragmatic observables beat text similarity (Active, granted)
• CLAIM-082 — A term’s value, as distinct from its signification, is fixed by its contrasts with the coexisting terms of its system (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-034 — Saussure’s account of value grounds the premise that significance is fixed by contrasts rather than by correspondence to a referent (Rejected, source)
• CLAIM-084 — Lexical similarity cannot distinguish preservation of communicative footing from a change of speech-act function, so the primary outcome of a reconstruction study is pragmatic-frame retention judged blind to condition, once a measure of footing and stance has been shown reliable (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-039 — The authored reconstruction chains show that lexical similarity cannot tell kept footing from a changed act (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-086 — A constraint may govern conduct without governing the conditions under which it remains authoritative (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-001 — Moving severity classification, or adding a business-critical override, changes outcomes without changing the rule, so precedence, jurisdiction and suspension come apart (Active, existence)
  • ARG-003 — In the Dual State ordinary norms governed conduct while a prerogative order held authority over whether they bound, so a constraint can govern conduct without governing its own authority (Active, analogy)
    • CLAIM-032 — Northstar’s internal procedures are not morally or historically analogous to the regime Fraenkel described (Active, granted)
• CLAIM-090 — Serial transmission is reconstructive and filtered by the transmitters’ inductive biases, so a stable endpoint can be far from the ancestral utterance while remaining interpretable (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-035 — Griffiths and Kalish’s convergence theorem and Kirby, Cornish and Smith’s chains show that serial transmission is filtered by the transmitters’ inductive biases (Proposed, source)
• CLAIM-091 — A translation can reach pragmatic equivalence by compensating for changed social coordinates with changed linguistic ones, so lexical infidelity can be required for pragmatic fidelity (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-013 — The invented renderings of one sentence by four speakers show that a translation can reach pragmatic equivalence by compensation (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-099 — Maintaining a regime of effective action and maintaining the capacity to govern among regimes are not the same achievement (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-007 — Stability does not entail viability, and the emergency regime keeps its operation and its governance while its transformation capacity degrades, so effective action and the capacity to govern among regimes are different achievements (Active, existence)
• CLAIM-102 — Variations in translation are transformations between pragmatic frames of reference that preserve selected invariants of the communicative act (Superseded, thesis)
  • ARG-004 — Relativistic frames vary descriptions systematically under constrained transformations with invariants, so variations in translation are transformations between pragmatic frames preserving selected invariants (Rejected, analogy)
    • CLAIM-004 — Not every difference between translations is a difference of frame: some change the act being framed (Proposed, thesis)
    • CLAIM-035 — Translation operations are generally not invertible, need not compose by a fixed rule, and preserve no structure given in advance; which communicative properties are invariant must be discovered or negotiated (Active, granted)
• CLAIM-105 — In documented reconstruction chains, steps that keep most local judgements commonly change their global compatibility: translation preserves local meanings while changing the global structure of meaning (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-032 — The parity triangle shows that translation changes the global structure of meaning (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-219 — A change in the global compatibility of a fixed scenario is either a change in contextuality proper, which the behavioural data read show none of, or a change in overlap consistency, which is ordinary context dependence and moves by at most 2ε when each context moves by ε (Active, counter)
• CLAIM-109 — In translation the pragmatic frame does not merely select a description of meaning but participates in determining which meaning becomes actual (Superseded, thesis)
  • ARG-002 — Interpretive framings change a reader’s state as non-commuting measurements do, so the frame participates in determining which meaning becomes actual (Rejected, analogy)
    • CLAIM-041 — Context-sensitive interpretation, order effects and noncommuting framing operations do not by themselves establish nonclassical probability or quantum contextuality (Active, granted)
• CLAIM-115 — What survives translation is the set of communicative distinctions and relations a receiving system can still reconstruct and act upon, not the wording or the proposition (Superseded, thesis)
  • ARG-026 — Judged pragmatic observables that predict human judgements of fidelity or shared kind better than text similarity support the central theses of the pragmatic-transport line (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-232 — Human ratings of stance or footing and human ratings of fidelity of the same renderings share rater construal, scale use and a general impression, which a machine similarity score shares with neither (Active, counter)
    • CLAIM-233 — The central theses’ defeat conditions pit them only against embedding, propositional or surface similarity, and two rivals the record holds, functional equivalence as Nida states it and a proposition with its illocutionary force, also predict that judged pragmatic observables beat text similarity (Active, granted)
  • ARG-033 — Saussure’s value, as the record reads it, supports transport of relational identity across languages (Proposed, source)
• CLAIM-122 — Will-organization is not one more higher-order preference: changing the conditions of efficacy changes behaviour while the competing preferences stay fixed (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-046 — Tsoukas and Chia’s reading of Total Quality in the US Navy is an organizational instance of changing efficacy while the competing proposals stay fixed (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-125 — Directed transport between empirical models whose covers change has two open problems: when it preserves decision-relevant information, and how it extends to signalling data (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-037 — The signalling counts read off Wang et al.’s appendix show that signalling is typical of language data (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-235 — The line’s proposed quantities have no finite-data estimators: plug-in signalling from one or a few occurrences per context is positive in expectation when the true marginals agree, so the contextual fraction is undefined on raw tables, and deficiency over text-valued renderings has no estimator (Active, counter)
• CLAIM-129 — A factorization recovers only the structure visible in the relations it is fitted to, so a topic can survive a transformation that changes the communicative act, and a kind must be tested against probe families chosen for their bearing on the act (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-011 — On the crossed topic-and-act design, judgement factorizations that recover the act where a topic-only factorization fails would show that a factorization recovers only the structure in the relations it is fitted to (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-139 — A communicative kind’s identity is grounded in its relational organization rather than in any expression or encoding; statistical methods recover aspects of that organization from restricted observations, translation transports it, and fidelity is which independently identifiable, decision-relevant relational distinctions persist (Superseded, thesis)
  • ARG-026 — Judged pragmatic observables that predict human judgements of fidelity or shared kind better than text similarity support the central theses of the pragmatic-transport line (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-232 — Human ratings of stance or footing and human ratings of fidelity of the same renderings share rater construal, scale use and a general impression, which a machine similarity score shares with neither (Active, counter)
    • CLAIM-233 — The central theses’ defeat conditions pit them only against embedding, propositional or surface similarity, and two rivals the record holds, functional equivalence as Nida states it and a proposition with its illocutionary force, also predict that judged pragmatic observables beat text similarity (Active, granted)
  • ARG-029 — The operational account, kept as a rule of method, supports a realist kind that can outrun observation as the bearer of communicative identity (Proposed, abduction)
• CLAIM-147 — A trope is a family of observational profiles joined by admissible transformations around a core of preserved relations, so trope instances can separate structural preservation from pragmatic preservation (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-014 — Agreement with TV Tropes labels validates the structural account of tropes (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-151 — Which communicative act an utterance performs is partly constituted by its relations to participant roles, norms and expected uptake, so a transformation that changes those relations can change the act and not only its realization (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-012 — An attributed-speaker factorial study shows which relations constitute a communicative act (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-130 — Telling an interpreter about a communicative situation, do(I = a), is a different intervention from changing the situation, do(S = s): only a do(S) intervenes on the relations that would constitute an act, and in a vignette or rating study every manipulation is a do(I) (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-023 — The Yoneda lemma shows that relations constitute what a communicative act is (Rejected, formal-application)
    • CLAIM-150 — An ontology of intrinsically individuated objects with relational properties can reproduce the categorical and operational identifications, and the predictions, of a relational one, so identification underdetermines constitution (Active, disclaimed)
  • ARG-024 — The invented renderings of one sentence by four speakers show that participant roles partly constitute the act (Rejected, evidence)
  • ARG-038 — A character’s classificatory sufficiency shows that relations constitute what a communicative act is (Rejected, analogy)
    • CLAIM-150 — An ontology of intrinsically individuated objects with relational properties can reproduce the categorical and operational identifications, and the predictions, of a relational one, so identification underdetermines constitution (Active, disclaimed)
• CLAIM-162 — In flow an activity’s immediate reward and its longer-run value coincide, so no interest has to be overridden (synchronization as non-crossing valuations, with no dynamical mechanism claimed), and that is why focused action in flow is reported as effortless (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-016 — Valuations that do not cross, read through coordination dynamics, make flow a synchronization of interests (Proposed, analogy)
• CLAIM-185 — The nucleation threshold of an argument is whatever makes a structure persist: a persistent structure is available as an anchor, and more complex structure can evolve only on anchors (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-028 — Inbound references per code and turns per filed entry show which structures anchor and that drift falls as anchoring keeps up with arrival (Proposed, evidence)
  • ARG-045 — Simondon’s account of individuation as crystallization from a metastable state, propagating from kin to kin, supports the thesis that an argument’s later structure can evolve only on structure that persists (Rejected, analogy)
• CLAIM-186 — How fast an argument grows sets how it grows: drift tracks how fast new material arrives relative to how fast it is anchored, so a fast, prolific exchange branches, as a crystal grown far from equilibrium does, and a project memory stabilizes an argument by keeping anchoring up with arrival (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-028 — Inbound references per code and turns per filed entry show which structures anchor and that drift falls as anchoring keeps up with arrival (Proposed, evidence)
• CLAIM-202 — What the line adds to functional and relevance-theoretic accounts of translation is measured structure beyond a static pragmatic profile: the context-indexed profile, its response to later framings and its decision relevance predict receivers’ recovery beyond the similarity of static stance and footing ratings (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-031 — In the discriminating study, transport measures that beat the static pragmatic profile would show what the line adds to functional and relevance-theoretic accounts (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-205 — Functional and relevance-theoretic accounts of translation, as Nida, Nord and Gutt state them, need not fix one context or a static stance profile of the rendering (Active, counter)
• CLAIM-220 — For a named population of receivers and a stated family of tasks, what survives a translation, retelling or rendering is the set of task-relevant communicative distinctions those receivers can still recover from it, and measured preservation of the pragmatic observables predicts that recovery better than preservation of the wording or of the proposition, with or without its force (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-019 — Blackwell’s order on rendering procedures grounds the thesis that what survives translation is what a receiver can reconstruct (Proposed, formal-application)
    • CLAIM-225 — Blackwell’s order measures what an ideal decision-maker could do, not what a given receiver can reconstruct, and the line’s claims that a rendering can improve access describe garblings that real receivers do better with, which is the shape of the Blackwell thesis’s own defeat condition (Active, counter)
  • ARG-040 — In use, an utterance is interpreted by its contrast with the alternatives its speaker could have used, so what a translation must let a receiver reconstruct is those contrasts, not the wording or the proposition (Proposed, analogy)
• CLAIM-228 — D_obs restated over a rendering procedure, with one kernel family fitted on some source items and scored on held-out ones and the target term the readers’ response averaged over the procedure’s output, separates rendering procedures that receivers’ task-indexed recovery separates, so restated it measures observational fidelity informatively (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-017 — A constant kernel fits any one source–target pair, so one pair does not identify the procedure-level fidelity score (Proposed, formal-application)
• CLAIM-284 — A self, in the self-governing sense, is a historically continuous organization of processes that takes part in governing the conditions of its own persistence, differentiation and transformation, not merely one that persists (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-015 — A population of operators that maximize fixed objectives and comes to hold durable authority would show self-constitution (Proposed, evidence)
    • CLAIM-288 — In a population whose operators each maximize an objective the modeller fixed, the norms the organization appears to maintain are set by the modeller, not by the organization: they can become its goals through their role in selecting what persists, but it does not produce or revise them (Active, counter)
• CLAIM-286 — Habit, akrasia, rumination, rigidity and insight can be modelled as regimes of one organization, in which processes transform shared meaning and allocate one another’s influence, with trust, specialization and higher-level agency arising from its history and not imposed (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-036 — The lab’s restricted models, whose predictions could have failed, support the shared-organization thesis (Proposed, evidence)
    • CLAIM-467 — Under full-information, independent audits, a learned allocation of influence among specialists is no better than a contextual router trained on the same audits, which is a mixture of experts whose experts earn responsibility by fitting better; whatever governance adds over routing has to be shown where evaluation fails, and the record has not yet found such a regime (Active, thesis)
• CLAIM-362 — Non-domination of an agent’s subcomponents is a candidate constituent of authenticity as an organizational achievement, not a sufficient criterion of ownership: higher-level processes need not impose the outcome because the lower-level ones already support it or settle their disagreement among themselves, and a process that rarely decides keeps access to the roles in which it is consequential (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-030 — Low supervisory cost shows that an organization does not dominate its processes (Proposed, evidence)
    • CLAIM-364 — Processes conditioned never to object coordinate without override at the same behaviour and supervisory cost as processes that negotiate, so the two part only under intervention, when a constituent dissents, or in their history (Proposed, counter)
• CLAIM-412 — Experience is constituted by interpretive organization, not produced by it: an appropriately organized process in which signals acquire significance for a system is the experience, so whether a system can have experience becomes whether it can sustain that organization (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-018 — Illusions, reappraisal and interoceptive inference show that experience is constituted by interpretive organization (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-417 — What the record explained by “self” in its dispositional, persisting, self-governing and integrated senses is better explained by organizational perspectives, with a perspective, its carriers, its lineage and its representations kept apart; the subject sense stays a separate question, and narrative, presented and modeled selves involve representations that may describe a perspective, attribute it to a bearer or construct an owner, none of them the perspective itself (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-025 — Matched ordinary behaviour and differing responses to intervention show that organizational perspectives explain what the record explained by self (Proposed, evidence)
• CLAIM-418 — Possessing, enacting or being shaped by an organizational perspective does not establish an independent agent, and perspectival, agential and institutional boundaries need not coincide: several agents can share a perspective, one agent can act through several, and a perspective can be reproduced with no agent governing it; where a perspective contributes to an agent’s activity it can enable and constrain the exercise of agency, and that exercise can reproduce or transform it, while whether agency universally requires such a perspective stays open (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-047 — Bencherki, Brummans and Vézy’s “agency is a matter of perspective” supports the claim that perspectival, agential and institutional boundaries need not coincide (Rejected, source)
  • ARG-048 — Tsoukas and Chia’s radial extension and institutionalization show how the exercise of a shared perspective can transform it with no agent governing the change, the agents and the institution kept distinct (Proposed, source)
• CLAIM-430 — An interaction can make available a way of relating that its participants’ operative perspectives did not hold, by giving each a role to enact in it, so that taking part can come before, and help produce, the reinterpretation it later seems to express; whether the change stays with the partner, generalizes to a category, or is reproduced beyond the encounter are further questions (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-044 — The MSF meeting reanalysed by Bencherki, Brummans and Vézy shows that an interaction can make available a way of relating its participants did not hold, and names the condition under which it lasts; it does not show that taking part comes before the reinterpretation (Proposed, evidence)
• CLAIM-484 — Internal conflict is the gap between the precedence a motive claims over action and the authority the rest of the organization grants it (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-049 — The pauses, averted gaze and reversal in the MSF transcript show internal conflict as a gap between the precedence a motive claims and the authority it is granted (Rejected, evidence)
• CLAIM-486 — A rendering can keep the communicative act while changing the proposition, so preserving the proposition is not necessary for preserving the communicative event (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-020 — The compensation hypothesis gives the mechanism by which a rendering keeps the act while changing the proposition (Rejected, cause-to-effect)
  • ARG-021 — The manuscript’s renderings, which keep the words and change the act, show that keeping the proposition is not necessary for keeping the act (Rejected, existence)
• CLAIM-497 — A system’s causes are found at the coarsest description whose interventions are unambiguous: a macro description is causally proportionate where it merges only micro states that intervention cannot tell apart, and no coarse-graining carries more causal information than the micro description it supervenes on (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-041 — From the effective-information bound and its ties to proportionality: a gain that depends on the intervention distribution is not a property of the system, the coarse-grainings that lose nothing are, and the coarsest of them is where the causes are (Proposed, formal-application)
• CLAIM-511 — A self-maintaining organization ought to preserve its corrigibility (Proposed, disclaimed)
  • ARG-042 — The record’s constructions of maintained correction show that self-maintaining organizations ought to preserve their corrigibility (Rejected, evidence)
    • CLAIM-520 — The value of keeping a corrective capacity is conditional on objectives, uncertainty and cost: a free, optional audit cannot lower a single time-consistent decision-maker’s expected performance, but an audit that costs C to maintain and bears on k decisions with error rate ε is worth k(0.25 − 0.5ε) − C in the exchange’s model, negative when C is large or k small, and where no hypothesis fits the world, correction gains no reward and improves only calibration (Active, thesis)
• CLAIM-518 — Normative judgments about an organization’s continuity, reform or obligations can depend on diachronic relations that descriptions of present states or terminal outcomes do not show, so specifying the relevant relations and histories can be necessary to apply them adequately; which continuations ought to follow is a further normative question, not a prerequisite of every normative judgment (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-043 — Bencherki’s checklist and daycare, one end state with opposite verdicts, show a normative judgment about an organization that depends on a history its end state does not show (Proposed, evidence)
• CLAIM-522 — Recovery under interventions on state cannot show where maintenance is realized: an outside controller that measures the constraint capacities and supplies the internal production law as state feedback yields the same trajectory under every perturbation of state, damage and recovery included, even with every capacity observed exactly; only interventions on the production mechanisms, relative to a declared boundary, separate the two (Active, thesis)
  • ARG-050 — An intervention that disables a production pathway inside a declared boundary, or interrupts an outside controller, locates the producer of a maintained organization, because the pathway causes the capacities with a delay and can be intervened on surgically, so the fat-handedness of interventions on wholes does not reach the inference (Active, contrast)
• CLAIM-547 — Cooperation within groups and the coexistence of groups are distinct targets that can trade off: in the group-selection rule of Nowak’s five, b/c > 1 + n/m, cooperation spreads because a group that grows to size n splits and another group is driven extinct, so the mechanism that stabilizes cooperation inside groups works by removing groups; cooperation local to a group, the persistence of several groups whose interests are opposed, and concern for those outside one’s group are three achievements, and none of them secures the next (Proposed, thesis)
  • ARG-052 — Van Lange and Bergmann’s model of intergroup cooperation does not establish that cooperation within groups and the coexistence of groups are distinct targets that can trade off: it shows that the processes building in-group cooperation can fuel conflict between groups, and says nothing on whether groups persist, go extinct or are owed impartial concern (Rejected, source)